In general, folks with technical background, rightfully, focus solely on the technology aspect of the application or tool development, whereas business leaders are more concerned about the business value that can be generated by deploying the tool.

Physical objects that do not have the ability to connect to the internet, directly or indirectly, are just things. A thing is an IoT thing if it is connected to other things and/or the internet. IoT devices take computing to the next level where the virtual and physical world converge to produce something that is powerful and actionable.

Project management approaches vary from predictive techniques on one end to empirical iterative practices on the other.

Standard practices are geared towards application development with stakeholder participation. These techniques either Waterfall or Agile do not fit well with data-driven projects (AI, ML, Data Science).

For data-driven projects, it is the learning from data analysis & ML models that have to be infused into the application, therefore need a different approach.

Each project management technique has a valid use case.